The near-collapse of AI-focused hedge fund Situational Awareness has renewed concerns at the Bank for International Settlements over the growing use of leverage by investment funds and the potential for relatively small market moves to trigger wider financial disruption, according to a report by Bloomberg.

The Basel-based institution highlighted the fund’s July crisis in its latest quarterly review, warning that rising leverage across financial markets could magnify market movements and create vulnerabilities for both investors and central banks.

Situational Awareness, founded by former OpenAI researcher Leopold Aschenbrenner, came under severe pressure in July after a sharp deterioration in its AI-related investments triggered demands from banks for additional collateral.

The fund subsequently reached an agreement with Citadel, founded by Ken Griffin, to sell the majority of its public equity portfolio, helping it address the liquidity pressures created by the market sell-off.

The BIS said the episode illustrates broader vulnerabilities created by the increasingly central role of hedge funds in global financial markets. Gaston Gelos, the institution’s head of financial stability policy, said hedge funds are now “at the core of the core markets”.

That growing influence has created what Gelos described as a “fragile situation”, particularly where strategies depend heavily on short-term borrowing and readily available market liquidity.

The problem is that liquidity can deteriorate rapidly during periods of stress, potentially forcing highly leveraged funds to reduce positions at precisely the point when markets are already under pressure.

The BIS’s concerns extend beyond individual hedge funds to the interaction between leverage, liquidity and broader market conditions. The institution has repeatedly warned this year that vulnerabilities surrounding the AI investment boom could spread through financial markets if valuations fall sharply or financing conditions tighten.

For now, however, markets have remained relatively resilient despite the risks identified by the BIS.

The sustainability of that resilience though, is less certain, particularly if government bond yields continue to rise. Higher yields could tighten financial conditions and place additional pressure on leveraged investors, potentially exposing weaknesses in strategies dependent on cheap or readily available financing.